According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, we feel emotions and simultaneously experience physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling, and muscle tension.Ĭannon first proposed his theory in the 1920s, and his wo rk was later expanded on by physiologist Philip Bard during the 1930s. When you encounter danger in the environment, you will often feel afraid before you start to experience the physical symptoms associated with fear, such as shaking hands, rapid breathing, and a racing heart.Ĭannon first proposed his theory in the 1920s, and his work was later expanded on by physiologist Philip Bard during the 1930s. For example, your heart might race because you have been exercising and not because you are afraid.Ĭannon also suggested that emotional responses occur much too quickly to be simply products of physical states. First, he suggested that people can experience physiological reactions linked to emotions without feeling those emotions. Walter Cannon disagreed with the James-Lange theory of feeling on several different grounds. Another well-known physiological theory is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion. The theory is that an emotion-provoking stimulus is transmitted simultaneously to the cortex, providing the feeling of emotion and to the sympathetic nervous system, causing physiological arousal. Instead, you feel frightened because you are shaking. According to this theory of emotion, you are not trembling because you are terrified. The James-Lange theory proposes that you interpret your physical reactions and conclude that you are frightened ("I am trembling. You begin to tremble, and your heart begins to race. For example, suppose you are walking in the woods and seeing a grizzly bear. Your emotional response is dependent upon how you interpret those physical reactions. This theory suggests that when you see an external stimulus, that leads to a physiological reaction. Independently proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that feelings occur due to physiological reactions to events. The James-Lange theory is one of the best-known examples of a physiological theory of emotion. The theory is that emotional feelings result when individuals become aware of a physiological response to an emotion-provoking stimulus. For example, terror is a more intense form of the primary emotion of fear. They think that all other emotions result from blends and different intensities of these primary emotions. Evolutionary theorists believe that all human cultures share several primary emotions, including happiness, contempt, surprise, disgust, anger, fear, and sadness. Evolutionary theorists tend to downplay the influence of thought and learning on emotion, although they acknowledge that both can affect. Recent evolutionary theories also consider emotions to be innate responses to stimuli. Read: Emotion and Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Read: Physical Changes during Emotion (External & Internal) By interpreting the emotional displays of other people and animals correctly, you can respond accurately and avoid danger. If you encounter a hissing, spitting, and clawing animal, chances are you will quickly realize that the animal is frightened or defensive and leave it alone. Understanding the emotions of other people and animals also plays a crucial role in safety and survival. Emotions motivate people to respond quickly to stimuli in the environment, which helps improve the chances of success and survival. Feelings of fear compel people to either fight or flee the source of danger.Īccording to the evolutionary theory of emotion, our emotions exist because they serve an adaptive role. Feelings of love and affection lead people to seek mates and produce. Naturalist Charles Darwin proposed that emotions evolved because they were adaptive and allowed humans and animals to survive and reproduce. He pointed out that facial expressions allow people to quickly judge someone's hostility or friendliness and to communicate intentions to others.
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